Black
Madonna |
Адописная икона | Hell icon 666
✦
Hell
icons (Russian: Адописная
икона, adopisnaya
ikona,
lit. "Hell-written icon" or "Hell-painted icon")
are legendary icons with
images of Devil hidden
under the primer,
the riza or
the painted layer. Also, the image of saints could include horns
hidden under the paint.
The
term "Hell-written" first occurs in Prologue (Eastern
Orthodox Synaxarium)
regarding Sabellianist church
banners. Full
Church Slavonic dictionary gives
the following commentary: "painted in hell".The term "Hell
icons" is mostly used amongst Old
Believers.
The painting of hell icons, known as adopis
or
"hellography" (as opposed to iconography),
was also a type of black
magic in medieval
Russia.
Hell
icons were first mentioned in the Life
of St.
Basil (the
16th century): Basil threw a rock at the icon of Virgin
Mary before
the eyes of the astonished crowd of pilgrims.
Then he allegedly showed that the image of the devil was hidden under the paint.
Then he allegedly showed that the image of the devil was hidden under the paint.
Messages
about hell icons appeared in newspaper articles and the literature of
the 19th century, but such articles reported only the later icons of
"cheap and clumsily painting."Nikolai
Leskov,
who was interested in Christian iconography, included a reference to
hell icons in his story The
Sealed Angel (1872)
and in short article "On hell icons" (Russian: Об
адописных иконах),
published in 1873.
Despite
these studies, in the 20th century Russian linguist Nikita
Tolstoy doubted
the fact of their real existence.This point of view is shared by
modern art critics due to lack of material evidence (all such icons,
if ever existed, have been lost).
✧ Black Madonna or Black Virgin refers to statues or paintings of the Blessed Virgin Mary in which she, and often the infant Jesus, are depicted with black or dark skin. The Black Madonna can be generally found in Catholic and Orthodox countries.
✧ Black Madonna or Black Virgin refers to statues or paintings of the Blessed Virgin Mary in which she, and often the infant Jesus, are depicted with black or dark skin. The Black Madonna can be generally found in Catholic and Orthodox countries.
The
statues or paintings are mostly wooden but occasionally stone, often
painted and up to 75 cm (30 in) tall. They fall into two
main groups: free-standing upright figures or seated figures on a
throne. The pictures are usually icons which
are Byzantine in style, often made in 13th- or 14th-century Italy.
There are about 400–500 Black Madonnas in Europe, depending on how
they are classified. There are at least 180 Vierges
Noires in
France, and there are hundreds of non-medieval copies as well. Some
are in museums, but most are in churches or shrines and are venerated
by devotees. A few are associated with miracles and
attract substantial numbers of pilgrims.
Black
Madonnas come in different forms, and the speculations behind the
reason for the dark skin of each individual piece vary greatly and
are not without controversy. Though some Madonnas were originally
black or brown when they were made, others have simply turned darker
due to factors like aging or candle smoke.Another cause for the
dark-skinned depiction is due to pre-Christian deities being
re-envisioned as the Madonna and child
✦ Адописная икона — название легендарных икон, под красочным слоем, левкасом или окладом которых были помещены изображения дьявола (чёрта). Также к образу святого могли быть пририсованы рога, скрытые красочным слоем. Адописные иконы считаются легендарными по причине отсутствия сохранившихся примеров. При этом изображения дьявола и чертей присутствуют на канонических православных иконах при изображении сцен ада, Страшного суда и других апокалиптических эпизодов, а также различных чудес.
Впервые
термин «адописанный» встречается
в Прологе за
13 ноября применительно
к хоругвям еретиков-савелианитов.«Полный
церковнославянский словарь» Григория
Дьяченко даёт
этому слову следующее объяснение —
«написанный
во аде, в подземном мучилище». Однако
словосочетание «адописные иконы»
известно в основном в старообрядческой среде,
но не отражено в каком-либо языковом
словаре
✧ Чёрная мадонна — в католическом религиозном искусстве и почитании обозначение картины или статуи, изображающей Деву Марию (мадонну) с ликом крайне тёмного оттенка. Для такого исполнения может использоваться как чёрная краска, так и различные виды чёрного дерева или камня. Наиболее известный пример —Ченстоховская икона Божией Матери, которую в просторечии и называют «Чёрной мадонной» (польск.- Czarna Madonna).









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